What’s in Baby Formula? Myths vs. Facts

How you’ll feed your baby is one of the biggest decisions you’ll make as a new parent. Whether you plan to use formula from the start, are supplementing while breastfeeding or are thinking about making the switch once heading back to work, you’ve probably noticed: everyone has an opinion about formula.

And with so much noise online, it’s easy to get confused (or even worried) about what’s actually inside the can. Words like “DHA,” “corn syrup solids” and “MFGM” can sound technical or even intimidating, and it doesn’t help that myths about formula tend to spread faster than facts. 

The truth is the best formula is the one your baby drinks, tolerates and your family feels good about, and infant formula is carefully designed to nourish babies when breast milk isn’t available or isn’t the only option. 

It’s also one of the most closely studied and regulated foods in the U.S. to meet strict safety standards with ingredients to support growth, brain development and overall health. To help you feel more confident, we’re breaking down some of the most common formula myths with Facts About Formula and getting to the real facts behind them.

Myth 1: Formula is full of “fillers”

Fact: Babies need carbohydrates as their main source of energy, and about 40 percent of the calories in breast milk come from carbs. In formulas, those come in the form of things like lactose, corn syrup solids or maltodextrin; different formulas use different carb sources depending on a baby’s needs (for example, low lactose options for sensitive tummies).

So, they’re not cheap add-ins—they’re carefully chosen nutrients with an intentional purpose: fueling rapid brain growth and healthy development. And importantly, the corn syrup solids used in formula are not the same as the high-fructose corn syrup in soda. 

Myth 2: Formula quality isn’t safe for babies

From sourcing ingredients to the moment the can is sealed, infant formula undergoes strict quality and safety checks. In fact, formula goes through more testing and oversight than most of the food in your pantry and is one of the most tightly regulated foods in the U.S. by the FDA. Manufacturers test raw ingredients individually and finished products multiple times, and for added assurance, every can carries a batch code that can be traced back if there are ever concerns or questions.  

Myth 3: All formulas are basically the same

Fact: Every formula has to meet the same strict FDA standards, but they’re not identical. Some formulas are cow’s milk–based, others use soy or goat’s milk. Some break proteins down for easy digestion, and others add special nutrients like HMOs (human milk oligosaccharides) for immune support. These differences matter if your baby has sensitivities or specific needs.

Myth 4: Formula contains unsafe seed oils

Fact: About half of a baby’s calories (whether from breast milk or formula) come from fats. In formula, seed oils like sunflower, soybean or safflower oil are added because they provide essential fatty acids babies can’t make on their own. These fats fuel brain growth, build healthy cells and support the immune system. So yes, seed oils are an important ingredient in your baby’s formula. The type matters, which is why formulas only use plant oils that have been studied for decades and proven safe for infants.

Myth 5: European formulas are healthier than U.S. formulas

Fact: Both U.S. and European formulas are designed to support healthy growth and are held to strict standards. The biggest differences come down to regulations. For example, European formulas must include a set amount of DHA, while U.S. formulas often have more iron. Both options are safe and nourishing.

Myth 6: Organic formula is better for babies

Fact: With formula, an organic label is more about farming practices than nutrition. Organic ingredients come from farms that follow USDA standards, but both organic and non-organic formulas meet the same FDA standard, and there’s no scientific evidence to suggest that organic formulas offer any additional benefits to an infant. For many families, the choice comes down to lifestyle, budget or availability.

Myth 7: Formula is heavily processed

Fact: Like we mentioned above, infant formula is one of the most closely monitored foods in the U.S., with every batch tested for quality and safety before it reaches store shelves. And while formula is processed, that’s not a bad thing—it’s necessary. Processing is what allows proteins, fats and carbohydrates to be carefully adjusted to be more similar to breast milk, and it ensures nutrients are present in the right amounts for babies. In other words, processing makes formula safe, consistent and nutritionally complete.

Myth 8: Formula contains dangerous heavy metals

Fact: You may have seen headlines about heavy metals being found in baby formula, which can sound alarming. The truth is, tiny amounts of heavy metals like lead or arsenic are naturally present in soil, water and even in breast milk. The total absence of these elements is unattainable (and suggesting that zero is the only acceptable level is irresponsible to parents). What matters is keeping levels as low as possible, and that’s exactly what formula makers are aiming to do. U.S. formulas are tested to make sure amounts stay well within safe limits.

Myth 9: Choosing formula means your baby will miss out

Fact: Infant formula is designed to provide complete nutrition for babies’ first year. With the right blend of proteins, fats, carbs, vitamins and minerals, formula-fed babies can grow and thrive similar to breastfed babies.

Formula may not be breast milk (because breast milk naturally contains living cells, antibodies, and hundreds of unique components that can’t be fully replicated). But it is the only safe and scientifically designed alternative, crafted to deliver complete nutrition with proteins, fats, carbs, vitamins and minerals babies need to grow. 

There’s no one “best” formula for every baby, which is why your pediatrician is the best partner in choosing the right one. If you’ve got more questions about science behind infant formula, visit Facts About Formula for insights from scientists, pediatricians and infant nutrition specialists. And remember: at the end of the day, the best choice is the one that works for your baby and your family—and helps you feel confident in how you’re feeding your little one. 

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